Opposing Models in Health Promotion

contend Models in health PromotionHND Health, Diet Nutritional Studies Unit quaternionINTRODUCTIONHealth packaging is provided by various organisations working unitedly towards the same goal over completely health and well beingness for e rattling ace. It aims to prevent and compact the assay of unsoundness, bring home the bacon illness, recovery and rehabilitation. Its objectives ar to involve the public in their own quest for a healthier life through program line and awargonness, to improve answers, yield and continuity of interest and provide a invulnerable environment for bulk to continue and work in with equal opportunities gravid everyone the means to achieve, wherever contend-at-able, optimum health.We know children learn from p atomic number 18nts and drillers except if p arnts endure to educate their children to make healthy choices at home in an inner passelting, even if teachers do so to a preset curriculum in a formal setting, it may non h appen. I rec every(prenominal) a report on a TV new-fashioneds channel near years ago where Jaime Oliver introduced healthy meals in schooldayss just the p atomic number 18nts were against the idea so they squeezed Macdonalds burgers to them through the school fence at lunchtime because that is the fictitious character of food they had grown to know. In complaisant knowledge theory Albert Bandura suggests demeanour is learned from the environment through the process of observational study (Bandura A. (1977)), we both know this to be true.Children often refuse vegetables etc when they ar young just now perseverance is a necessity if they are to receive the nutrients they require for a healthy, complaint free life. According to the BBC Breakfast news this morning (31.05.14) researchers joint that if a variety of foods are introduced to a child from a very early age and it is repeated at least ten generation the child get out grow up liking that roleicular food. other story that springs to mind was when a friends husband claimed to be vegetarian, in reality as a child he could not be bo in that respectd to chew meat except his parents gave in to him and let him fix what he wanted so his meals consisted mainly of egg and chips. How is it realizable to teach children right from wrong when parents act this room? The answer mustiness be to educate them as well?Health direction and promotion requires repeatedly conveying the message to those at risk, through media advertising, health and wellbeing political campaigns and organised frameworks to promote flip-flop. No smoking zones, for grammatical case, takes away the liberty to figure in harmful actions in public places making population foreswear and think some what they are doing to themselves and others. If slew understand the consequences of their actions and believe that the changes will make a difference to them and those around them they are more promising to change their hab its which in turn will reduce the associated social and scotch costs.Making these practices illegal may sound like the individuals rights, liberty and freedom of movement are being taken away however the rights of their victims are of equal importance and it would be unethical for them to have to sustain as a consequence of anothers ignorance or selfishness e.g. second relegate smoke or the cost of medical treatment for the driver of the fomite injured as a result of an accident where he was not wearing a seatbelt.RESEARCH AND EVALUATION seekers are constantly meeting place information, from population surveys and health statistics etc, about piles habits and behaviour, the environment they live in and how it affects them, their attitudes, where specific incidences are occurring, to whom and how often, they do not however, include ideas, opinions or the observations of the individual. This is known as quantitative research as it is deals with quantity i.e. the build of indivi duals affected and the causes contributing to health problems. Once collected the information kindle be divided into smaller categories e.g. demographic, lifestyle, education, ethnicity etc then used to identify where health promotion needs to be directed. This is an ongoing evaluation method with set criteria allowing statistical analysis and dissemination of informative data regarding the adequacy of service provision, number of incidences of certain unhealthinesss or where new trends are manifesting etc. and gives a flavour of a given situation at any one time.Other researchers gather data from health consider facilities and charity organisations etc based on one to one or small group contact where people and functions coffin nail be observed and where changes quarter be made, if necessary, to try to go a presbyopic the desired outcome, this is known as qualitative data. Hospital wards, clinical trials etc say the effect and outcome of tests, their aim is to research holi stically allowing results to be seen and patterns evaluated in the un cognisants term. Once the outcome of qualitative research has been determined the results digest be built upon to further improve i.e. one thing preserve prolong to another or the what if scenario, it has been seen where researchers look for a cure for one thing then stumble across another.Both these types of research are worth(predicate) in different ship canal e.g. for comparison or effect but can often be used unitedly however, one all-important(a) consideration ahead carrying out any research is that the researcher is fitting in what his is aiming to achieve, that research will be carried out under a strict code of ethics and follows the legal guidelines laid down by the relevant authorities e.g. ensuring that there is no danger to the patient, he is full informed about what to expect and that he is informed as to how the data will be utilised etc.wellness MODELSIndividual ModelsBy showing people the detrimental effects of unhealthy lifestyles versus the benefits of healthy lifestyles it is possible to change their views. They have to go through what is known as the Stages of tilt (Prochaska J.O. DiClemente C.C. (1983)) whereby the individual has no wish or interest in ever-changing (pre-contemplation) until an idea is sown in his mind, he begins to think about how he would benefit from change and realises the sense of it so decides to try (contemplation) he puts a plan into place (preparation). Day one arrives and he discontinues the habit (action), he is enthusiastic, he begins to see and feel the benefits encouraging him to continue (maintenance). At well-nigh stage he may falter so seeks care and support from others to keep him motivated during the difficult times. Intervention like this can come from many sources, often depending on the circumstances e.g. smokers decide they want to fall by the wayside so they visit their local GP who prescribes a bloodline of nicotin e patches, he suggests contacting a local support group where individuals, who understand and have experienced the same situation, can advise and swear out him get hold of his goal and suffice prevent relapse, once a psyche sees that success is possible he will be motivated to continue.Some of the barriers encountered in changing behavioral habits are down to individual beliefs. If soul believes he is insusceptible to a particular disease, perhaps because no family process has been affected by it he is unlikely to feel threatened but if he sees a family member suffering he is more likely to want to avoid the disease himself. On the other hand, he sees someone living with a disease who looks fine he may do nothing, this could be because he may not fully understand or believe the severity of the disease to worry about it, but when that person dies he realises the implications and decides to take pre-emptive action because he sees living longer is better than the alternative. A gain the person may require help and support to maintain the new political science because without any visible signs it can seem pointless.Both of these moldings are alike(p) in that they happen in stages, from pre-contemplation through to maintaining change, often without actually perceive immediate benefits and this is where continued reinforcement of the message is necessary. Individual and group methods are both effective ways for promoting health whether they are in supporting e.g. helping to overcome barriers and providing feedback or educating roles e.g. explaining and influencing ways to change behaviour but the main point is that the person must want to and believe he can change otherwise he will always honour reasons not to try.Social and Community ModelsPromoting health in groups and communities relies on the collaboration of individuals to work towards the same goals within their particular environments where they can prepare for and fight to situations that affect them all e.g. the recent flooding on the Somerset Levels brought everyone together to help intone barriers and limit ruin to themselves and their properties. Their situation encompassed the social learning theory in that personal and environmental factors led to interaction by everyone affected to prevent further disaster and they came together on a community level to evaluate and plan effective strategies to solve and improve their situation. Together they organised themselves and put forward their ideas to government bodies responsible for retentivity them safe and demanded policy changes to help prevent similar situations in the futurity along with financial funding for their loss of businesses and income.No single model or theory is better or worse it depends entirely on the particular situation e.g. the thoughts, feelings and beliefs of individuals or the structure, regulations and policies that exist in groups, organisations or communities. in that respect are many other methods for communities and organisations to support, educate and effect positive change e.g. mother and toddler groups, wellness centres, school and workplace participation programmes, social networking etc. where peer and professional knowledge can be change and support provided.CONCLUSIONMany years may pass before we can confirm whether health education and promotion has helped us reach our goals because the outcomes will not be immediately apparent e.g. mortality rate due to obesity or the recent flood disasters however, we can quantity if our objectives are being met through quantifying whether people have learned from the messages being conveyed by e.g. evaluating their lifestyle changes are there fewer deaths due to effect attack or stroke? Are people safe in their environment? Has public policy changed to address the floodwater problem so that lives or property are not again put at risk in the event of heavy rains and have the measures proved satisfactory?We must carryon educating people about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, continue research and teaching and anticipate future problems in order to reduce these leeches on our purchase order and utilise the funding in a better more recognize way.TASK 2INTRODUCTIONHealth education and promotion helps people to take control of and improve their own health and wellbeing. The idea is to teach people how to prevent disease and make improvements to attain that (primary level), to understand and manage current illnesses and aid recovery and rehabilitation (secondary level) and in the case of the terminally ill to help them and their families cope with the illness and provide counselling and care services that will alleviate some of the channel (tertiary level). Health education and promotion not only deals with illness but attempts to ensure that all factors relating to overall health and wellbeing are being achieved e.g. an end to poverty.Health education and promotion can be passed on formally or informally through a variety of sources e.g. schools, workplaces, NHS services, charities or voluntary organisations.HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATIONTeachers convey messages in a formal way by following a preset curriculum and involving students in the learning and practice with measured outcomes e.g. teaching children road safety. In the 1960s The federation for the Prevention of Accidents invented a squirrel character, named Tufty, to help teach children road safety. It became so popular that there were 24,500 Tufty Clubs formed in the UK during that decade (http//www.rospa.com/about/history/tufty.aspx). Certificates and badges were awarded to children aft(prenominal) they successfully completed the course, I will always remember the motto (and the lesson) from those school days.A voluntary organisation known as look forward to UK (http//www.hopeuk.org) train volunteers to educate and promote the dangers of drug, alcohol and smoking addiction to all ages. Their training techniq ues are planned to appeal to different ages of society so volunteers attend school assemblies or youth clubs to relay their message in a fun, interesting and interactive way while adults may be taught in an informative way highlighting signs and symptoms etc. followed by a QA session.Informing parents and teachers of the pitfalls of addictions, or whatever the subject may be, can strengthen the understanding of children and young people when they ask them informal questions. Sometimes it can work the other way e.g. if a child learns at school that smoking is bad for you and can affect other people he may then relay that message to a parent who is a smoker and this has been seen to make the parent stop to think about the damage it is doing to himself and his children and decide to give it up.Schools, workplaces and hospitals are all being encouraged to rear balanced, healthy meals in their eateries and introduce a variety of social activities to help people keep moving. I watched a television programme deep where they were testing a new invention where a school or office desk can be raised so that the operator can work alternately sitting or standing as sitting for long periods is known to be detrimental to health research and instauration I believe it is called.It is becoming more and more fashionable at present to eat well and exercise more and a prime example of this is the number of sales Jamie Oliver has achieved with his books on 15 and 30 minute meals and his new one Save with Jamie, written in response to popular demand, which is aimed at eating healthily on a budget. We own two of these at home, we did not buy them because we do not know what to eat, but the ecstasy and ideas they provide and the speed in which meals can be prepared as well as the pre-calculated nutritional balance has the hard work make for you. Celebrities are often advertising their exercise DVDs, endorsing exercise equipment and taking part in charity sporting events to enco urage followers to take part.These are examples of health education and promotion aimed at prevention and improvement but there are people who are currently suffering and recovering from disease and illness who also need educating in its management and ways of reducing further risk. To do this we must ensure they are aware of how and why these diseases occur and what can be done to help them during its course while securing funding to enable further treatment research to help eliminate them altogether e.g. Cancer and Alcoholism. Most people will have seen the advertising campaigns for Drink Awareness and the fund raising campaign lead for Life (raceforlife.cancerresearchuk.org) held each year in support of Cancer Research UK. The NHS and many charities are continually drumming into people what signs and symptoms to regularly proof for e.g. breast or testicular lumps or sexual dysfunction and advising them where to go for screening and advice, the sooner these signs are detected t he better chance there is of survival. Practically every week of the year there is an awareness campaign for one or more disease or illness that can affect anyone.Terminally ill people will require care of some description as will their families who can also suffer indirectly due to the situation. Either of these parties may need to talk to someone about it, terminally ill people can become gloomy while their families find it difficult to get through their lives due to the strain and heartache, just having someone to listen can help immensely. There are many organisations that can help e.g. The Macmillan Cancer Support (www.macmillan.org.uk) can effect to give families a holiday from caring for their sick family member to providing assistance and support for the families themselves. Others may join an informal support group where they can discuss how their illness, or that of a family member, is affecting them, their fears for when they are gone or how their passing will affect t heir family, this can give a owing(p) deal of comfort and support as it is sharing the experiences with people who are in the same situation.CONCLUSIONThe fact that peoples habits are steadilly changing shows that health promotion is working however, there is a long way to go before everyone is on board. Changing the views of people still in the pre-contemplation stage is probably the most difficult burial vault to cross but on the same token the more people that change the more the others will begin to face it which might be enough itself so getting to as many as possible, whether formally or informally, can only do more good in the long run.REFERENCESBandura A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York General Learning Press.Prochaska J.O. DiClemente C.C. (1983). Stages and processes of self change of smoking Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390 395.http//www.rospa.com/about/history/tufty.aspx Tufty Club (Online)(Accessed 25.06.14)(http//www.hopeuk.org) (Online) (Accessed 22.05.14)http//raceforlife.cancerresearchuk.org/index.html Race For Life Cancer Research UK(Online) (Accessed 22.05.14)http//www.macmillan.org.uk/Home.aspx We are Macmillan Cancer Support (Online) (Accesssed 24.05.14)

Causes of Dreams and Nightmares

Causes of Dreams and Nightm atomic number 18sEvangjelos DanajAbstractWhat ar nightmargons they ar dreams bad ones that refer us every pot imposes dreams precisely non all of them chance upon nightmargons. We see nightmares most of the time when we are touched in a prejudicious way in our life our when we ourselves work make several(prenominal)thing bad we go to overthink it and that is one of the reason as to why we see it in our dreams in a bad way. Nightmares generally when happens periodically is the solving of the individual who sees it of deficiency of stop or for tidy sum who are afraid of a dull movie or something most common nowadays due crises of existence people course to get stuck on a particular disturb thought. On the other hand if it happens formatically thus(prenominal) that is when people phrase that they claim nightmare derangement this is dangerous for people because nightmares whitethorn top off to people jeopardizing their own preventa tive or a nonher sympathetic beings safety and because during nightmares people take for rapid eye exertion or paradoxical sleep they do non remember as to what they contrive done.IntroductionNightmares are dreams that happen during sleep and during when humans have rapid eye movement that is one of the reason as to why when we are having nightmares we have well-knit sensations of fear, di s knowledge, terror and concern. This is most likely to happen at a someones later part of sleep. Nightmares bring to pass a disorder when it has masked our hearty life, our occupation and many much other important areas in our everyday life or if a someone keeps on see the same nightmare with the same topic inwardness something that we have acknowledge in our everyday life or an experience that we over fly the coop to think about it then at this point if a somebody experiences this sort of nightmares then this this when we may call Nightmare disorder. This has been most unrema rkably seen to happen at the age ten and has been seen as normal unless they interpose with sleep with their development or with their psychosocial development. This is most unremarkably furnishn to girls than boys and may conk until they mature into adulthood. Adults nightmares are something entirely opposite than at that which was for children because it does not be active them as much as it affects the children and allow not affect their development psychology them much and in addition to that unconnected children most of adults nightmares are commonly based on the fact that they either be anxious about something with external stressors or external trauma.BiologyBiology is mostly connected with our DNA or our Genes that make up our DNA which are mostly connected with our behavior. Because Nightmares affect our sleep meaning that we feel them up to a certain retain and that they do not allow us to sleep because of the shock that we bring forth because nightmares are dre ams that frighten us. The most affected ones are the children who are futile to nurture the right way because they are afraid of nightmares for example if a children who is ten years old and his parents break for many different reasons then the children may have one of the many symptoms which differ from children to children, nightmares that entrust affect him in many slipway. One of the most common effects that this motley of nightmare will have on children in the nurture arena may be Growth Hormone Deficiency. This problem has most commonly been seen to happen to children for adults nightmares dont affect their biota directly that indirectly. Meaning that they are affected by post-traumatic stress and that they may be affected by other psychiatric illnesses. Since they are receiving medication for these problem that medication may affect their biological system which foot cause the human to go crazy. some other disorder which affects humans dreams and results at them havin g nightmares may be due a pitch problem and feeling since the people who tend to feel more and are affected by it more may overthink most military actions and that will result in him having nightmares. With the aid of technology and research medicine has been made for people who are facing these problem to divine service them overcome it to a fault psychologist has ensnare method that enables them to help the diligents overcome problem that affect them indirectly with the help of talking it out or with the help of interaction and communion with one another. In addition to the above stated Br eliminatehing disorder can cause nightmares this illness can cause sleep aupnia which will result in the little sleep that we get to have nightmares this disease together with nightmares can cause severe effects on the human opinion like falling asleep without realizing it a high febrility which will be hard to cope children will have a Hyperactive behavior, depression and if it is s evere then we will notice that our legs will have swelled.EmotionsMost people do not know this but emotions are affects very much from nightmares. Emotions meaning our mood, which result in us not waking up in a rather novel mood but waking up and leaving us with the feeling that the sleeper who has just seen a nightmare has been in a dispute with something all night long. Furthermore this abstract can lead us to eyesight more disoriented dreams meaning nightmares and can increase our fretfulness which will lead to seeing more nightmares. People have become clinically depressed because they have not been able to identify what it is that has guide them to having nightmares. Based on research that has been done by unknown research workers people that are clinically depressed and that they have not been born with any biological problem and that these symptoms are shown when a person cannot identify the origins of the nightmare disorder have a tendency to trine to four time more than the average person. other hypothesis may be that nightmares are a way for your unconscious mind tattle us that we are not calling with our stress as we should be. Another hypothesis about nightmares may be that because we are having difficulties accepting some facts that we as people do not accept for many different reasons then that means that the nightmare that we see is our mind overanalyzing it and showing it to us so in other words we can say that it is our mind notice us as to what we should fix. Taking all things into consideration we can safely say that nightmares as in general are not things that come out of nowhere but they are the products of our brain telling us and indicating to us as to what it is that is under our minds so nightmares are not problems that descended upon us from above or from below as most people tend to claim when they are having nightmares.Social lifeNightmares generally in social life aspect affect adult more than they affect children due t o the fact that they have a lot more social interaction than children have. Adults due to the fact that most of them work overtime or somemultiplication even 24 hour straight they tend to eat late at night that affects their brain and the metabolism which result in signaling the brain to have a higher activity rate. with nightmare by dint of our everyday life we may want an object that we will get up do get it through sleep walking. In other words Nightmares can cause us to have other problem mostly psychological problem. In looking at how our nightmares affect our social interaction with other people it is important to take note that nightmares play a vital role in our life. Another aspect here may be that because during our everyday moment we have no time to process our thought and so that leads to the brain bear on it throughout the night and at most times resulting into us seeing it as a bad nightmare. Recent measurements show that most common people that have nightmares are the one who have done a offense and even though they have been judged for the crime that they have by the government and not by someone who is of the constabulary because people tend to think that if they are judged by the law then there sins are forgiven but that is not the cause because even and by and by they do jail time for the crime that they themselves have committed and they tranquil see that through nightmare because those are experience that have go forth them at a traumatic state of mind that is for those who have done crimes but for those people who have not done crimes but they have just experienced shocking thing like war veterans see and see again from time to time themselves at the frontline because they know sub-consciously that what they are doing is price so in other words nightmares may also be cause by actions that we ourselves know subconscious are wrong and steady we go through with it.ConclusionIn the end pickings all things into consideration Nightmar e disorder is an illness that can be treated through many ways without the help of specialist meaning a therapist. One way to do this is to alleviating stress with in your category your personal life this will result in us eliminating anxiety the individuals most likely course of action as to have a relaxing sleep and not to see nightmares. Another course of action that someone may do may be through the help of fitness and in corporation with relaxation therapy which will result in the individual have a more relax and a more complete sleep. In addition to this one skill trough training and everyday exercise can be through yoga and in through with meditation techniques which help in a persons a sleeping atmosphere. Patients can also choose to do this through the help of a specialist meaning psychotherapy so that they can train as how to deal with and cope with stress and find different ways to deal with it. Most patients tend to select the route of medication but the ones who can b e provided with medication and diagnosis are the ones who have musical theme that they are having reoccurring nightmares over and over again more than four times a week. Prazosin is a commonly used medicine to treat people who are having problems with Posttraumatic stress disorder. Therapy has helped a lot of people to deal with frightening themes and has helped them alleviate from the nightmare recurrence. Usually a large beat of the patients will improve as the patient gets older and older. Based on the latest research a treatment is under way that at this point is currently weak but its main point is that the patient who is suffering from nightmares to be able to benefit from it but currently it is still weak. On the other hand there also the people who tend to think that they are having nightmares those people are given a placebo check a pill of sugar so as to think that they are cured.REFERENCESErnest Hartmann, The nightmare the psychology and biology of terrifying dream, 21 Jan. 2010, University of Michigan, Basic Books, 1984Joanne L. Davis PhD, Treating Post-Trauma Nightmares A Cognitive Behavioral Approach, Springer Publishing Company, 2008Paul R. Carney, Richard B. Berry, James D. Geyer, clinical Sleep Disorders, Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2012

Background Of Rolls Royce Information Technology Essay

compass Of Rolls Royce In melodic lineation Technology Essay randomness Technology in a flash a day is growing in rapid pace. Almost e rattling atomic number 18a and the activities in this orbit argon being attached with the selective information Technology. seam government activitys great dealnot survive in this matched world with away using some form of engineering science however, they must direct to workout technology strategically in order to have their existence for a long margin. In this try out I am going to present the case of one of a large, power engine manufacturing face ie, Rolls Royce. This essay get out discuss some the scenario of Rolls Royce with its clay before the machineation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) corpse, why the organisation felt need for executing of ERP and what ar the vocation benefits they argon able to get with the strategic implementation of ERP and how.IntroductionTodays worry organisations pose themselves in a to a greater extent(prenominal) vibrant and combative environment. Business leading have responded to these by laying more emphasis on technology so as to continue with smooth and efficient running of rail linees and gaining war give c ar receiptss.Computer based information systems have been very popular in recent years, organisations like Rolls Royce have stake most of the duty trading surgerys on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP).ERP is an information system that integrates financial, substantive and human resources of an organisation, it also facilitate information flow amongst varied bank line functions and connection to immaterial stake holders.This paper ordain render to desert the implementation of ERP by Rolls Royce, understand the stock needs of ERP, and perish but not the least the by and bymath implementation of ERP.Background of Rolls RoyceRolls-Royce is a multinational association which manufactures power solutions for the guests in aerospace , marine and energy marketplaces. The founders of this company be Henry Royce and Charles Rolls. The brand name Rolls Royce came after their surnames. The company came into existence about 100 years before. It is first established with the intension of manufacturing the topper car in the world. Later on Rolls Royce organisation slowly expands its personal credit line in various markets, its name and brand was extended and now it has its manufacturing industries placed in 20 different countries and has its customers in more than 120 countries.1 outright it has became one of the worlds largest power engine manufacturing companies. genius of the main reasons behind their conquest is the strategic utilization of technology to compete in this calling world. though its main headquarter is in UK 45 % of their employees ar based outside the UK. They are running a civil aerospace art from UK with emerging capabilities in Ger legion(predicate) and the US. They are growing up day by day. All the transactions, interde break apartmental coordination, coordination with their supplier, consumers and customers are retained wholesome and utilely and it is possible for them only by using modern technologies to communicate, gather and offshoot the information. Rolls-Royce Group plc, Annual report 2009.They examine forward to their customers need for the next 30 to 40 years and do research in the technology to stay private-enterprise(a). They are having good market strength with many convergences and many customers. It produces goods as well as leave alones go to its customers in fact, serve are the most important part of their business it accounts for nearly above half of their revenue every year. So in that location is the great importance of real term entropy management which enables them to be predictive and they can immediately react to the issues related to the engine that comes for the service.2 training governing body development Technology (IT) and Information System (IS) are part of each other. Information system is the computerized program which collects data, processes it and gives the lend oneselfful information. This information can be employ for various purposes to add up the nurse in the business. It can be used for report generation, planning, decision making, business operation and which further will lead the organisation to obtain agonistic advantage. auspicate Strategic Framework3Information technology has become one of the largest components where organisations are investiture their capital. Most of the business organisation are wisely investing large sum of money of their bills in information systems. The wise preference of coronation can outperform competitors and if it was the poor choice then it will be nothing more than wasting their valuable capital. Laudon (2006).Today the world is getting smaller and smaller this is because of the information technology and hence contest in the businesses is rising day by day. So to gain the competitory advantage, strategic use of information system is the must no social occasion it is smaller business organisation or the larger. According to Brooks (2003), adding comfort to the business means to extend products, decrease the hail, improve the quality of services and products and so on. The reason for adding value to the business is to attract more customers, and keep organisation in a better place in the market. The use of Information technology and information system has become the efficient and more common way for adding value to the organisations of todays business world. Only the use of IT system is not sufficient to add value and to take competitive advantage of it, the strategic use of IT System is the most. According to WU J (n.d.), ERP system is such(prenominal) a strategic fauna, which integrates information and information-based processes within and across functional areas in an organization.Rolls Royce was using inform ation system since long. It was using 1500 systems before using ERP (SAP R/3), many of those systems were built internally by Rolls-Royce in pop off both decades. Those systems were costly to operate and not easy to maintain. They didnt give precise and still result because these systems were not centralised and using the values from different systems will give inconsistent result. Looking at all these problems Rolls-Royce formed a matchship with electronic data services (EDS) in 1996 and EDS was prudent for the development of ERP for Rolls Royce Yusuf Y, Gunasekaran A and Abthorpe MS (2004). Though there are many implementation unwieldyies such as cultural difficulties (Training of sweet system to the employees), business difficulties (modification of working to fit in the ERP) and technical problem (transferring of previous records into the new system and to reach the consistent stage), Rolls Royce needs to implement the ERP because they knew the necessity of the centralise d, robust, accessible and accurate system to gain the competitive advantage and to improve their return chain.ERP combines all departments unneurotic into a single system in a single computer. It uses internet technology and it can be accessed by charge department and authorised personnel anytime from anywhere so interdepartmental conference can be done easily and efficiently and hence optimizes the time and the cost.Impacts of ERP Implementation in Rolls RoyceAccording to the annual report (2009) of Rolls Royce Our process integrity and approach journeys continued throughout 2009. Our joint venture engine modernize facilities, Hong Kong Aero Engine Services curb (HAESL) and Singapore Aero Engine Services Limited (SAESL), were the latest to benefit from the rollout of the enterprise resource planning (ERP) and SAP process systems. Rolls Royce has implemented and is making use of information systems very efficiently and efficaciously that is why they are in the apex of succ ess today. Rolls Royce is making use of ERP for talk, decision making, to manage their business operations, improve value chain, to reduce competitive forces and as a whole to gain competitive advantage.We will now discuss one by one how Management Information System (MIS) like ERP will help the business organisation to gain the advantages maintained above and we will see the impact of using ERP in the Rolls Royce. parleyOne of the critical factors which lead the organisation towards its success is the effective communication (intra-organisation and inter-organisation). Employer and managers of todays business organisation must have to be familiar with the effective communication techniques for the success of the organisation. And effective communication has become an important tool for the organisations success. ERP boost the communication between the functional boundaries within the organisation. Rolls Royce is efficiently and effectively using this advantage put upd by ERP. Rol ls Royce is also a service provider to its customers. When customers demand services to be delivered in more timely and blameless way, organisations must overcome functional boundaries to meet this challenge.Rolls Royce is widely spread in different countries and all of its organisational functions are not carried out in a single place. ERP helps the effective communication within different departments and between their suppliers, customers as well as with their partner organisations. And this obviously adds value to the organisation by reducing the research time, providing the accurate and the optimized reports and minimizing the communication cost. Lets take an example, Rolls Royce uses Suppliermanager website to pull together all the information their supplier needs. They are using SABRe which shows the external part of the Rolls-Royce Quality Management System, and is applicable to all its suppliers or partners who are providing products or services that effect upon Rolls-Royce and its customer requirements.4By using these dodging of using information system and providing the information, Rolls Royce is minimizing the cost and time for the communication.Decision weeDecision Making is one of the important factors in every business organisation. Again the decision is made with the help of report generated by the Information System. One of the major advantages of using good information system like ERP is that it make ups the speed of decision making within an organisation and provides the circumstances to shoot faultless decisions in strategic, managerial as well as running(a) level.Lets take the case of Rolls Royce, the legacy systems used in Rolls Royce did not provide accurate, consistent and accessible data that was required for good and timely decision-making and public presentation assessment. Those old systems mostly did not fit to the modern manufacturing environment. But in the ERP system a data warehouse (integrated collection of data) is cr eated. Data is stored centrally and is extracted from different databases. The data is monitored, edited and then finally standardised for hereafter use. The data is kept in a logical and user cozy format. It also allows nontechnical users to queries the databases which allow and provide the management information for business intelligence and helps Rolls Royce for operational, managerial and strategic decision making Yusuf Y, Gunasekaran A and Abthorpe MS (2004).Business Process ManagementBusiness Process is the set of activities carried out by a business organisation that is initiated by an event, transforms information, materials, or business commitments, and produces an output Harmon (2003). Business Process Management is the process of managing the activities of business process. One of the major benefits of using ERP is the business process automation. So, ERP can be very useful for the management of business process, in fact, ERP itself defines the business process because the organisations business process is integrated in the ERP system. Rolls Royce had also faced difficulties to change their business process in order to fit the SAP. But they need to implement the ERP to automate their business process, to access accurate management information in less time and to add value in their supply chain. abide by ChainFigure Value Chain in an Organisation adapted from doorman ME (1985) Competitive Advantage Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Free PressThe value chain simulate includes the exact activities in business organisation where we can apply the competitive strategies door guard ME (1985) and where we can implement the information system effectively to gain competitive advantages. These activities of the organisation defined by value chain model are distinguished in two different categories indigenous activities andSupportive activitiesPrimary activities are those activities which are involved in the process of exertion and dispersion of the organisations product and the services. Those activities shown by the value chain model are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing and services. Inbound logistics define the receiving and storing of the materials for the production of the goods. operations define the process to convert the inputs to the end products. Outbound logistics define the storing and distribution of end product. Sales and marketing describes the promotion and selling of the outbound logistics and last but not the least is the services which includes after sale reconstruct and maintenance of the end products. Supportive activities support for the successful outcome of the direct activities which includes infrastructure of organisation (administration and management), human resources (recruitment, hiring and training of employees), technology (technology used for the improvement of product and production process) and procurement (gathering inputs for the organisation) Laudon (2006).ERP system connects every department of the organisation with each other so every activity can be monitored at any time. The information about those activities provided by ERP system is used to find the point in the value chain where the cost can be lowered and value can be added. Moreover, it can be used to tie up the organisations supporting bodies such as suppliers, customers, partner organisations and distributers and the value chain of the organisation will be linked with the value chain of its supporting bodies. The use of the information system for the linkage between value chains will enable the organisation to reduce the cost for inventory and to response the customers demand promptly.Competitive ForcesFigure Competitive Forces adapted from Porter ME, Harvard Business review, January 2008According to Porters competitive force model there are five major forces that are acting upon any business organisation which tries to diminish the organisations performance and these forces must be made ineffective by the organisation in order to survive in the market. These five forces arePossibility of new entrance of competitorBargaining power of customerBargaining power of supplierSubstitute products or services office of the existing competitorsDifferent strategies can be applied to reduce these forces. And use of information system can make ease for the organisation to congeal the strategy that should be applied in order to gain the competitive advantage.Rolls Royce has very low risk of new entrants. Because of their brand name and their well establishment make hard for the possible competitor to compete with Rolls Royce. The luxuriously initial investment cost will also discourage the threat of new entrants into this market. Rolls-Royce collects real-time data of their engines which are direct all nigh the world. By analysing, sharing and acting upon this information, they can optimise the performance of their engines in service Rolls-Royce Group plc, Annual report 2009. They have such a good information system to take care of the services call for by their customers, which reduces the bargaining power of customers and threat of substitute product and services. Information system in Rolls Royce and their direct communication with the suppliers are also helping them to maintain good relationship with their suppliers minimising their bargaining power. Rolls Royce is operating its business in a very competitive market in response to its competitors such as Pratt and Whitney, General Electric, CFM International. That is why they invest large amount of money for research and technology to differentiate themselves from their competitors.Rolls Royce has developed a balanced business portfolio and continues to maintain a steady focus on improvement in operational performance by modernisation of its facilities and focusing on managing the cost of operations and products. Continual investment in technology and strong safeifi cation of intellectual property, together with the establishment of long-term customer relationships, allow the Rolls Royce to make its products and services different from its competitors Rolls-Royce Group plc, Annual Report 2009. One of the examples for their investment in technology is the implementation of ERP re wretched their old systems investing huge amount of money in it.Competitive AdvantageIn a fair sentence, we can define competitive advantage in the business term as the advantage gained by a company in the market competition with their competitors. Any organisation can gain competitive advantage over their competitor by the following meansReducing their production cost and then the cost of their product,Improving the quality of their product,Providing good after sale services,By differentiating their products from the product of their competitors,Growth of the companyCompanies that successfully demasculinise their business around IT can achieve a significant window o f competitive advantage Tapscott D (2004). This doesnt mean that all those companies who use IT and IS in their business processes can gain competitive advantage but, the organisation who smartly and strategically use IT and IS will certainly gain the competitive advantage.Rolls Royce is operating in the market which wants them to deliver increased value in terms of cost, quality and delivery performance. So they always try to minimize the cost, increase the quality of their product and promptness in services. Management information system like ERP implemented in Rolls Royce provides the relevant information which directly or indirectly helping them to achieve those advantages. ERP benefits Rolls Royce to control the business operations and helps cost reductions. It is used for real time data management which also helps them to provide good and on time service to their customers. For instance, real time data management enables them to be more predictive they can know when engines are going to come along and they can provide the exact put through time for the aircraft and the maintenance. According to the article by Ashford W (2007), the CIO of Rolls Royce, Mr Jonathan Mitchell states that We have traditionally operated factories independently, but the standardisation of systems and processes means we can now operate more effectively at the global scale. ERP is the integrated system for business processes so, moving of the factories, expanding the business and production throughout the globe is not so difficult. They have got a different department for the research purpose only, which always flora on how to add value to the products? They are trying to make their product different from other competitors by inventing the engines that produce less pollution and without the touch information provided to them it wont be possible for them to carry out these tasks. shoemakers lastThe niche behind the success of Rolls Royce in its market place is the implementati on of the latest technologies and the information system in its business processes, which provide a message to those who think that, investment in the IT and the IS is nothing but just waste of the organisations capital. Rolls Royce were using many systems since long however, looking at the feasibleness and importance of ERP in strategic decision making, business process and connecting their departments as well as business functions, they invested large amount of money for growing and implementing ERP system replacing the old systems.The smart integration and implementation of Information System and Information Technology in a business organisation and its processes will lead it to the competitive advantage in its industry. Its very difficult to find any organisation which has faced up to the failure in spite of strategic implementation of IS in its business processes.

Network Management Roles In Growth Information Technology Essay

electronic engagement Management Roles In Growth learning Technology EssayThe comer of computer engineering science these days argon contri excepted to the set aboutth of many an(prenominal) commercial enterprise potentiometers, especi bothy computer interlockinging (Vivki, 2010). There argon three main terminus of profits counseling is to make operations more efficient, and operators more till up to(p) (Alexander, 2007). There is cost, quality and taxation (Alexander, 2007). I proposeing rationalize these goals advertise by using examples and development I beget found. I go away discuss the essay question by using some trustworthy life examples of fellowship experiences that was moved(p) by engagement make outment, for example how the corporation gained benefits from meshing focus and how the confederation loss revenue for having a bighearted net worry and so on. I alike will account some interlock centering hawkshaws that help follow to gain different benefits and reduce cost. According to research, if profits counselling is managed properly, it can be a positive blood asset (Jason, 2010).Computer engagement creates an easy and at ease way for employees and clients to communicate and make transaction between each former(a) (Vicki, 2010). found on research, with the start outth of the internet with/and smashing net establish management skills by the meshwork administrator, the corporation will ask higher happen to conquest or grow (Vivki, 2010). Based on the research I have done, I agree that network management do animate an important key role in corporate melodic line growth, and I realized that no traffic can do or conquest without technologies in this modern cartridge clip, pa put onicularly computer network and systems. Small and heavy(a) companies are depending a lot on computer network communication to get things done faster and more reliable compared to the traditional method of doing things. As the rate of technology keeps changing in the wrinkle field, we will definitely see more changes after the next three age than we have seen in the past ten.It is also impossible for organisations to grow if they have poor- proceeding of network management or poor-maintenance skills as well. In the real situation, either chore is aimed towards growth, and network raise is standing at the middle of those many factors leading to the progress of a business (Bryan, 2009). Today, network management has stimulate a compulsory Information Technology(IT) system or department for either business corporation, because computer field, including network management as well, has expanded a great deal for organisations. This means that businesses will surely gain prefer or benefit from installing and understanding the latest network technology (Bryan, 2009). As IT teams has played an important role in an organisation, it is essential for the companys film director to choose the IT firm t hat could gives them reliable carrying into action and ensure of quick retort time in maintaining, installing and repairing networks and servers. Based on research, if a company has an efficient computer network, most probably it will raise business outcome, reduce uncalled-for be and increase business efficiency, this makes network installing and computer maintenance as the two most important fit of business growth (Bryan, 2009). I will explain more roughly the benefits of network management in the next paragraph.In todays networked economy, understanding the business impact of network management is important, because most of the business revenue is relying on network-based system whose availability and performance are critical to survival and business growth (Stephen, 2003). The company network is wish the backbone of the company, clients use the network service to access into goods and services that is provided by the company, or whether for Internet or databases access, b illing enquiry, or separatewise business practices (Stephen, 2003). The entire company business will suffer if the network fails or network does non manage properly by the network private instructor, because guests and employees cannot communicate, they cannot access submited information, or employees are not able to perform printing, and email services this will causes productiveness suffer and a stop to revenue flowing, for example, if a network also-ran affects the email services/server. Today, most people are using email services to extradite messages instead of using hand written paper. If the companys network device fails, employees are not able to deliver email and part of the business will be terminated. Customers are affected, employee productivity slows down, the reputation of the corporation will decrease, and revenue will be dried up (Stephen, 2003). In my opinion, this is the reason why network must be properly managed and evermore need a redundancy for any obs tacles that may bring in the future. The information about the network reverse that was mentioned just now, the network manager should be responsible for this trip because it is network managers job to maintain good network performance. Network Managers must ensure he could minimize the downtime and confront the network performance speed, so most of the network managers will use network management systems or apparatuss together to manage the network. These systems also ply businesses to operate more efficiently, low costs, and prevent revenue loss. I will provide some examples of companies to prove the usage of these systems.After explaining of how network management affects business growth, I will now provide some vacuous/research paper, books, and internet resources discussion that I have found to explain the real-world situation of organisations that is affected by the network management. This is to prove that network management does play an important role in business growt h.As networks grow larger, they will become less manageable (Douglas, 2007). In fact, we are already reaching the limits of network sizes that we can handle with the current tools (Douglas, 2007). In addition, network management helps to keep networking cost and operational cost under control. Businesses increasingly rely on data networks as the primary link to customers and other businesses. One particular aspect of network management has become inextricably linked to the bottom line network downtime. For many businesses, the losses that overstep while a network is down, brings the business to staggering results. Ironically, as businesses grow and its network size increases, the time required to diagnose and repair increases rapidly, businesses that are most successful bears the most risk (Douglas, 2007). These days many network companies, like Dell Corporation, provides network management tool. Dell creates a network management software product/tool to provide easier methods to m anage their own network to reduce cost, because it is expensive to hire a network management master key to manage a companies network, and by reducing the cost, the company could use the cash to invest into other field (Stephen, 2003). The system will provide a so called early warning system for network outages or failure to warn users that problems are coming soon. The software name is called Dell OpenManage. The software is designed to meet the cost and feature requirements of Small, Medium Enterprises, and it also hold open time and money (Stephen, 2003). As I mentioned earlier, these tools are created for companies to manage their network with some easy features and to support their business objectives and brings revenues while reducing costs by helping IT administrators to manage the companies network in less time and in a more efficient manner. Furthermore, I will provide another example.In the white paper from Solarwinds, network management and observe software is on dema nd for every company across all industries (Mike, 2010). As a result, some companies are experiencing strong Return on Investment(ROI) from a good network management because of the amazing data outline and reporting that relates to business processes, and it also benefits like consolidated hardware usage, trim down man-hours and reliable network uptime (Mike, 2010). In my opinion, there is no excuse for companies to not be careful about their investment on network and Information Technology in these days or else, they might lose revenue at the end of the day. One way to reduce cost for network management is to use a network management tool. The example below shows how a team has gained benefits from a network management tool.I would like to give another example of a network management tool that brings benefits to a team in an organisation -The Orion. The Orion brings benefits to a elderly network engineer in California by providing good network management service with a low cost while he is doing a project with his team members. He mentioned that Orion network management monitor tool helps him and his team increase data capture and report, and swirl an easy business root analysis company-wide (Mike, 2010). Orion provides them with system performance insight and it analysis mission-critical business applications, as the result that was calculated, they are able to save $29k on equipment replacement costs over two long time (Mike, 2010). Orions automated nature and ability to approach network issues proactively saved the company about $50k in its overall IT budget in 2008 and $80k in 2009, kinda than employing help desk workers, a system admin and a network engineer to manually monitor the network, the product can do the job of several individuals (Mike, 2010). From sparing all the money from 2008 to 2009, the company is able to use that money to support into other fields. From my point of view, the company might need to spend $50K to $80K or more to supp ort network management to achieve their needs if they work the plan without a network management tool. Based on the conclusion of the white paper, they conclude that network management can provide tactual results for the company not only helping to make their job easier but also easing issues across the entire company (Mike, 2010). In my opinion, I totally agree with the explanation shows just now that network management plays an important role in corporate business growth.Based on a white paper, reducing or preventing network downtime is the biggest factor in preserving revenue, maintaining customer satisfaction, maintain the companys reputation and maximizing productivity (Jason, 2009). A company stated that SME companies experience an average of nearly 140 hours of downtime every year. The claim concluded that the total impact of an outage was 55% lost revenue and 45% lost productivity (Jason, 2009). The total amount of downtime reduction can deliver significant business savin gs, one group of SMEs in the study experienced an average loss of $70,000per downtime hour (Jason, 2009). Further analysis found other studies into the causes of downtime concluded that 45% of all network outages are caused by flesh error or network management, sometimes referred to as soft issues. In my opinion, the network is at the core of the activities and must operate efficiently and reliably. They also concluded and confirmed that without network management, companies are vulnerable to network performance and availability problem. According to research, when changes to the network are not carefully plan and implemented, it compounds the difficulty of maintaining the network in a cost-effective way (Jason, 2009).Based on research, top managements support is critical for projects to be successful (Teresa, 2005). However, in large organisations spread across the globe, it is easy to lose sight of this factor. CIO reports the case of a company that lost 50% of its market capita lization cod to top management failure to implement a global information technology strategy (Teresa, 2005). The failure cost the company approximately $ vitamin D million dollars (Teresa, 2005). There were several IT issues that were the cause for a lot of agony. First, customer queries on order status took several days to respond. Second, orders from a wiz customer with locations in different countries were processed by separate systems (Teresa, 2005). This created unnecessary statements to the customer. In my opinion, I conclude that most of the problems are affected by bad network management, for example the second issue about customer locations in different countries been processed by separate system, should blame on network manager for not having good network management plan.In conclusion, I have explained three network management goals that effect the business growth by using examples of companies and information I have found. I have used some real life company experiences that were affected by network management. And I have explained how network management tool will provide different benefits to a company in original situations. Based on every research and information I have found, I concluded that network management play such a key role in generating revenue and keeping employees productive and customers happy, we need to understand the importance of network management and the role it plays in maintaining network performance, availability, and customer satisfaction. In return, having an effective network management working in an organisation should provide a excellent performance, and governance, to ensure the ongoing success of the communications infrastructure in support of, and aligned to, organisational goal (Jason, 2010).BibliographyDevaraj, S and Kohli, R, The IT payoff measuring the business value of information technology investment, Prentice-Hall Inc, 2003.Harris, K, edifice the new Enterprise People, Processes and Technology, Sun Micro systems Press, 1998Dawson, R. Living Networks Leading Your Company, Customers, and Partners in the Hyper-Connected Economy. Prentice-Hall Inc, 2003.

Essay --

Lab depict 1Allison M. ShawBio 302L Sec 009Thursday February 12th, 2014IntroductionHL-60 cells were initially taken from a Caucasian female that had acute promyelocytic leukemia (Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson, 2002). These cells are good for analyze cellular processes and under favorable conditions, are immortal. HL-60 cells have a comparatively quick doubling time of no more than 48 hours, and do not experience apoptosis, which makes them immortal (Cirtain, et. al, 2002). The HL-60 cell disembowels immortality is implemental when it comes to finding possible treatments for patients with leukemia, which is of interest to researchers. This immortality attribute is also critical for studying mechanisms of monocyte and granulocyte differentiation (Collins, 1987). Another quality about the HL-60 cell flexure that is as important is its ability to key out into the lily-white blood cell line (Collins, 1987). Granulocytes and monocytes are the two most important types of differentiated cells in this experiment, although white blood cells also differentiate into macrophage-like cells and eosinophils (Collins, 1987). Compounds occurring naturally that induce HL-60 cell line differentiation include Vitamin D (Collins, 1987). Chemical inducers, such as DMSO and PMA in this experiment, can induce HL-60 cells to differentiate into cells along the myeloid path (Cirtain et al,. 2002). DMSO is canvas as a control for PMA treatment conditions and is used to make PMA solution. It causes HL-60 cells to differentiate mostly into granulocytes (Cirtain et al,. 2002). The control in this experiment is cells treated with DMSO, and is done to presentation DMSO has no effect on PMA (Cirtain et al,. 2002). Using kinase C, PMA activates cert... ...he line. Further studies could allow researchers to recognize valuable information possibly leading to cures for numerous cancer types. ReferencesCirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson. Chapter 3. place Point. cellpho ne and Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual. Great River Tech. Web. 8 Feb 2014. Cirtain, Mittelstadt, Higgins, Pollson. Chapter 4. occasion Point. cubicle and Molecular Biology Laboratory Manual. Great River Tech. Web. 8 Feb 2014. Collins, S. J. The HL-60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cell Line Proliferation, Differentiation, and Cellular Oncogene vista. The Blood Journal 70 (1987) 1233-1244. Xie, Bei, Amale Laouar, and Eliezer Huberman. Fibronectin-mediated Cell Adhesion Is Required for Induction of 92-kDa Type IV Collagenase/Gelatinase (MMP-9) Gene Expression during Macrophage Differentiation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry (1998) 1576-1582.

Technology in the Classroom Essay -- Technology Technological Essays

Technology in the Classroom Classrooms of the future pass on be several(predicate) than they are today as they will include more(prenominal) and newer forms of engine room. These technological advances will be readily accessible for use by both students and teachers. I see my schoolroom making use of the many forms of technology that are available, including PowerPoint presentations, electron microscopes, video conferencing, web-sites, and smart boards. These many forms of technology available will serve both educational and informational purposes. As technology changes so too must classrooms. This is why I see my classroom creation different than those of today, the ones we are used to. I see my students making more use of PowerPoint for their presentations. This will be in place of posters and will tending get students ready, early on, for more technology that tramp be a little challenging. PowerPoint could also help more with the creative pr ocess and be used for small (2 or 3 students) group work. Working on these presentations would be very beneficial for cooperation skills as well as nettle use of communication. Students would also take more ownership of their presentation when they robe more time with it, a great advantage of PowerPoint. Although PowerPoint is already wide available for upper lever classrooms, middle school and beyond, I can foresee them used in elementary school as well, ternion grade and beyond. Electron microscopes will also be used in my classroom to help with insects on insects or other small animals. These will most likely be used in a scholarship environment and would aid in better understanding of anatomies. For example, a classroom from the Clear View Charter School used these ... ...s and becomes more advanced, readily available for use, so too will my classroom. I will vary teaching and learning approaches, for students, with use of new and innovative technologies. Students will polish off use of technology and become more involved with the lesson being taught. As a result, learning would happen with more ease and less confusion. full treatment Cited Orrep, Becky. (2005). Smart Boards. Wyoming Tribune-Eagle. Retrieved April 19, 2005, from the macrocosm Wide Web http//web.gvtechnologies.com/products/smart-boards.htm GLEF Staff. (2000). The Projects Culmination. Edutopia. Retrieved April 19, 2005, from the World Wide Web http//www.edutopia.org/php/article.php?id=Art_638 GLEF Staff. (2000). Student Researchers. Edutopia. Retrieved April 19, 2005, from the World Wide Web http//www.edutopia.org/php/article.php?id=Art_632

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Essay examples -- Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism are two contrasting cost that are displayed by different people solely over the world. entirely put, ethnocentrism is be as judging former(a) groups from the perspective of onenesss own cultural point of view. Cultural relativism, on the other hand, is defined as the view that all beliefs are equally valid and that rightfulness itself is relative, depending on the situation, environment, and individual. Each of these ideas has found its way into the minds of people worldwide. The difficult art object is attempting to understand why an individual portrays one or the other. It is a misgiving that anthropologists have been asking themselves for years. Ethnocentrism, as stated above, means the belief that ones own culture is above and beyond all other cultures. Although this is somewhat of a shallow definition, it still provides an adequate explanation of a very complex issue. We see ethnocentris m every single day, in all aspects of life. The United States of America is a prime example of ethnocentrism is action. The people of this res publica have a tendency to disregard other cultures, instead believe that American culture is the only way to go. This is not to say that this is how everyone thinks, although well-nigh people, at one time or another, have had thoughts along these lines. subsequently the terrorist attack of 9/11, there was an immediate shift into almost wickedness of any person of Arabic descent...

The Impact of Recording Technology on Music Essay -- Exploratory Essay

The Impact of Recording Technology on Music about successful instrumentalists know a hidden art carried out by the work of a good sound engineer it is essential for a magnificent album. For the rest of us novice listeners and fans, we believe what we hear finished our speakers or played over the radio are the true masterly professional musicians, soaring at their craft. Most contemporary music, from pop to R&B and acid jazz to the sophisticated realm of orchestral engage scores, has been modernized by several inventions encased within the studio. The art of auditory sensation engineering has taken on new forms, from the nuts and bolts, plug it in, and chink if it works era into the digital world, because of these wonderfully tragic solutions to a high pace of life. A musicians art amaze been made solely because of it, and others have been destroyed and humiliated by it. The complex new inventions of technology constellation the adaptive method of studio recording and p roduction however caused a drastic negative musical degrading of our beloved art. Basic terms are often confused when describing an individuals musical sense. Microsoft Encarta World English mental lexicon defines an artist as somebody who does something with great skill and creativity, and a musician is a music maker who plays, performs, conducts, or composes music, either as a hobby or a profession. The focus of this essay is not the pat crime of a solely techno creator, or in contrast, the soaring melodies of a humans voice. Technology has tarnished the value of pure talent of musics original base for the sake of popularity, riches and unnatural perfection. The invention of pop and rap tantamount(predicate) styles were formed on the foundation of digitally synthesize... ...ost consumers do not clear up who, or what lurks derriere the wall of a speaker. The creative mind of a musician extends into the boundaries of timbre, pitch, melodies, harmonies, and the ski ll to create for the sake of art. If the recording engineer behind the mind-boggling boards and gizmos is really the mastermind, then why not give him a spot on stage? Work Cited Bazer, Mark. James Newton vs. The Beastie Boys protrude Beat 69 Oct 2002 25. Easton, Michael. Music Sampling Art + Law phratry 2000. Jewel, Dan. Getting in sync People Weekly Dec 1997 167-168. Lehrman, capital of Minnesota D. Into the New Millennium With. Midi ? Mix Magazine Jan 2001. Ogilvy, David. Dave Matthews Band at Pacific Bell Park . Mix Magazine Aug 2001 172-176. Rumsey, Francis, Time McCormick. hefty and Recording, an Introduction . Woburn , MA Focal Press, 2002.

Bound for Success? :: Journalism Journalistic Essays

jumpstart for Success?capital of Massachusetts is a city brim over with institutions of high gearer education. These universities and colleges dictate the way of life in their abject areas of the city. only if how do these multi-million-dollar universities help students in the area? Not the thousands of college students who flock to capital of Massachusetts for a pricey higher education, but the junior high and high school students who live in the shadows of these great universities? The colleges and universities of capital of Massachusetts are exceedingly diverse. They range from institutions such as Harvard and MIT, attracting attention from around the globe to the sm either area of Cambridge, Mass, to small colleges such as Simmons, a womans college, and Wentworth Institute of Technology, which tends to be primarily male. So do these universities, big and small, go about to make higher education a likely possibility in the eyes of local city high school students whose famil ies or pecuniary status may be unfamiliar to the likes of major post substitute schools? Boston College, located in Newton six miles from downtown Boston is ranked 38th in U.S. News and World Report among field universities. Costing roughly $37,000 a year, the price alone is enough to profane thousands of perspective students from attending the college. BC is located in a residential area surrounded by Boston worldly concern schools such as Brighton High School and West Roxbury High, to name a few. Do these students, rough of whom come from low income families, stand a chance of attending Boston College?In 1987 Boston College, in partnership with Boston public schools, started the College specify program. Its mission is to help urban youth and their families aim to succeed in high school, higher education and beyond. Through mentoring, tutoring and exposure to a college environment, College Bound hopes to send Boston youth, who come from either Brighton or West Roxbury High, on to college. Eighty-five percent of college bound students will be first in their families to pursue a higher education.The program appears organized and on the website it states that all of its students (142 to date) graduate from high school and are admitted to colleges. However, the program requires a borderline G.P.A. of 3.0 in high school to participate. This rules out many students who may as well as dream of attending college, but havent acquired the skills to do break out in school. A survey was conducted by Professor George Ladd, director of college bound, in order to assess Boston Colleges contribution to the Boston public school system.

The Foolishness in Shakespeares Twelfth Night :: Twelfth Night essays

The Foolishness in Shakespeares Twelfth wickedness William Shakespeare used a unique device to explain how foolishness is an ineluctable part of everyday life. He employed many specific examples of foolishness in his comedy titled Twelfth Night. Each of the characters he created were all in all foolish in one government agency or another. Not alone do the characters entertain the audience, but also educate the audience as they portray mankind avoiding obvious truth. Shakespeare takes a humorous approach to go against the ways we fall prey to pride, vanity and self-deception. As the story unfolds, the characters get their faults before they keister do any real harm to themselves or anyone else. Fortunately, only embarrassment or humiliation are the result. Combinations of comedy, personality and badinage are all qualities each character reveals to exhibit the many types of fools we can all be. The most common type of fool in inn is usually the simpleton, or a natural fool. Sir Andrew Aguecheek is an excellent example. Although Sir Andrew is funny, it is not intentional. His faults complicate a lack of circuit card, a tendency to be easily amused, and the chance to be manipulated by others to be accepted. His foolishness is revealed innocently, as he considers himself a gentleman. His attempts to flirt with Maria by showing how clever he is give off when Sir Toby advises him to accost, in other words, to woo her. Sir Andrew thinks accost is her name as he addresses her, Good Mistress Mary Accost- (I, III, 54). After his embarrassing fundament to Maria, Sir Andrew tries to salvage his dignity by laughing at himself as he says, Methinks sometimes I have no more wit than a Christian or an ordinary man has. But I am a great eater of beef, and I believe that does harm to my wit (I, III, 83-86). It is clear that Sir Andrew is easily taken advantage of at his expense. Another way foolishness is exposed, is through love. Fo r example, Malvolio loves nobody but himself. Although he is Olivias household servant, he considers himself better than others. It is his vanity, arrogance, and pride that causes Malvolio to act foolishly. Olivia says, O, you are sick of self

Color processing in the primates Essay -- Biology, Visual System, Colo

Color is a feature that is possess by very few mammals. K .Tansely in one of his books on visual system the vision in vertebrates commented that On the whole mammals wait not to have color vision, except for the primates where it is well actual and almost certainly trichomatic. The word trichomatic was derived from a theory given by French physiologist Palmer in 1777 which stated the presence three different types of numberless number of molecules present in the valet de chambre retina. These types are for detection of colours like red, blue and yellow. Few years later Thomas juvenile postulated the presence of three types of cones which are responsible for the detection of these primary colorize or metamers and their concept of empirically proven by Maxwell in 1860. This trichomatic nature of intelligence of military man retina seemed a limitation as human eye can perceive millions of colorise. These millions of change are limited to a Grassmans laws explained addit ive, scalar and associative properties of metamers to prove the different combinations of colors comprehend by visual system. The human range of light of light is from 380nm to 760nm. The perception of color depends upon photo-receptors ability to segregate different wavelength. The Bowmaker et al in 1979 was cap qualified to identify the cone using micro-spectrometry by seeing cone immersion spectrum.The cones were in blue, green and red spectrum with wavelength of 420nm, 534 nm and 564 nm. The rod that was identified mantled the spectrum at 498 nm. The results on the ducking spectrum were quite similar to the results found on Rhesus monkey by the same author. *Bowmaker et al.The name given to cones on the absorption spectrum are S(Short), L(Long) and (M) moderate . T... ...gnocellular pathway cells is shown by grey cells.(Martin 2004)The ternary and the smallest mold is Koniocellular that is present between the Parvocellular and magnocellular consist mainly of inter-neuron s. The blue-ON cells form a connection with small bistratified ganglion cells and it ends in Koniocellular cells. These small size neurons project into supragranular stratum 2, 3 and upper part 4 including the cytochrome oxidase rich blob persona of visual cortex. *Sampling density of blue-ON cells relative to the S-cone array is shown by dust coat circles.(*Martin 2004)There is unknown pathway that begins from wide receptive field yellow-ON ganglion cells and ends at unknown destination in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. *The small neat circle at position of S-cone represents the postulated midget blue-OFF cells ganglion cells. (Martin 2004) Color processing in the primates Essay -- Biology, Visual System, ColoColor is a feature that is possess by very few mammals. K .Tansely in one of his books on visual system the vision in vertebrates commented that On the whole mammals step to the fore not to have color vision, except for the primates where it is well genui ne and almost certainly trichomatic. The word trichomatic was derived from a theory given by French physiologist Palmer in 1777 which stated the presence three different types of place number of molecules present in the human retina. These types are for detection of colors like red, blue and yellow. Few years later Thomas recent postulated the presence of three types of cones which are responsible for the detection of these primary colors or metamers and their concept of empirically proven by Maxwell in 1860. This trichomatic nature of perception of human retina seemed a limitation as human eye can perceive millions of colors. These millions of colors are limited to a Grassmans laws explained additive, scalar and associative properties of metamers to prove the different combinations of colors perceived by visual system. The human range of perception of light is from 380nm to 760nm. The perception of color depends upon photo-receptors ability to segregate different wavelength. The Bowmaker et al in 1979 was able to identify the cone using micro-spectrometry by seeing cone absorption spectrum.The cones were in blue, green and red spectrum with wavelength of 420nm, 534 nm and 564 nm. The rod that was identified absent-minded the spectrum at 498 nm. The results on the absorption spectrum were quite similar to the results found on Rhesus monkey by the same author. *Bowmaker et al.The name given to cones on the absorption spectrum are S(Short), L(Long) and (M) moderate . T... ...gnocellular pathway cells is shown by grey cells.(Martin 2004)The trio and the smallest layer is Koniocellular that is present between the Parvocellular and magnocellular consist mainly of inter-neurons. The blue-ON cells form a connection with small bistratified ganglion cells and it ends in Koniocellular cells. These small size neurons project into supragranular layer 2, 3 and upper part 4 including the cytochrome oxidase rich blob kingdom of visual cortex. *Sampling density o f blue-ON cells relative to the S-cone array is shown by black-and-blue circles.(*Martin 2004)There is unknown pathway that begins from wide receptive field yellow-ON ganglion cells and ends at unknown destination in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus. *The small innocence circle at position of S-cone represents the postulated midget blue-OFF cells ganglion cells. (Martin 2004)

The Occult in A Tale of the Ragged Mountains Essay -- Ragged

The Occult in A Tale of the Ragged Mountains     In his collection of criticism on Poes stories, Thompson discusses the use of the occult in A Tale of the Ragged Mountains. He begins the article by explaining that this story energy be the product of Poes fascination with, but detached attitudes toward, the pseudoscientific occultism of his age. He gives us some technical terms for the techniques that Poe uses in this story rebirth is the transmigration of souls, and is the word that surfaces frequently by means ofout this discussion of Ragged Mountains. First Thompson discusses the paper that Poe set up the tale in a very item way as he puts it, Poe himself wove a web for the purpose of unraveling. He believes that Poe set up a series of clues to guide the reader through the story. So, first the reader gets a scientific explanation of the events that seem supernatural, which is thus followed by a psychological explanation (which is the opposite of the scientific fa cts). The final exam clue is the reader discovering that this tale is very similar ...

Essay on Twelfth Night: A Gender-Bending Journey -- Twelfth Night essa

ordinal Night A Gender-Bending Journey Shakespeare enjoyed writing passionate plays about teenage delightrs, but, after a while, the formula became exhausted and the Bard was forced to unearth deeper, creatively speaking. one-twelfth Night is an example of a Shakespearean love tale with a slight twist to keep things interesting. This play was the Tootsie of its time. Twelfth Night takes the audience on a gender-bending journey, while maintaining all the elements of unbowed love throughout. At one point, Olivia wears a disguise in pitch to take on the traditionally male role of wooing her wild-eyed interest, Cesario, who is also disguised. Although Olivia flirts with Cesario and tells him that his scorn only reveals his hidden love, she is mistaken. Her misinterpretation of Cesarios stylus is one of many problems contained within the drama. Cesarios true gender, Olivias agile pursuit of him/her, and the ambiguity of words with double meanings in this passage endanger to r elinquish wholesome, romantic conquest on its head, or as Olivia says turn night to noon (139). Perhaps the bigge... ...Erasmus, Desiderius. In Praise of Folly. Trans. Hoyt Hopewell Hudson, Princeton, newfound island of Jersey Princeton University Press, 1970. Hotson, Leslie. Shakespeares Motley. New York Oxford University Press, 1952. Potter, Lois. Twelfth Night Text & Performance. London Macmillan, 1985. Shakespeare, William. The Norton Shakespeare. Edited Stephen Greenblatt et al. New York W. W. Norton & Company, 1997. Zijderveld, Anton J. Reality in a Looking-Glass Rationality through an Analysis of handed-down Folly. London Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982.

William Wordswoths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud versus The Solitary Re

I Wandered nonsocial as a befog and The Solitary Reaper atomic number 18 some(prenominal) written by William Wordsworth and enjoy great popularity among the filmers. When rendering the deuce songs, the readers send word feel that the characters of them be different. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud affects the readers with the happiness of the daffodils, while The Solitary Reaper transfers a backbone of ruefulness. by from the language of the poems and the figures of speech used, the use of sound and stanza also contributes a dress circle to the creation of different lines.Firstly, the duration of individually stanza of the two poems has overmuch to do with the creation of the spectre. Shorter stanzas argon easier to read compared with long-life ones. And it is a suited figure to carry such tones as happy, light, and peaceful and so on. On the contrary, chronic stanzas always appear denser, and the rulings conveyed are often heavy and sad. Thus, longer stanzas are fit for the expression of sad feelings. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud and The Solitary Reaper are two regular examples of this. The motive has six lines in all(prenominal) stanza while the latter has eight. When the readers read the two poems, it is easy for them to wait the happiness of the daffodils as well as the sadness that is conveyed by the ?solitary reaper?. The readers can always promptly nuance recitation each stanza of I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, the equal way that the daffodils are ?fluttering and dancing in the melodic phrase? sprightly. Similarly, when reading The Solitary Reaper, the readers cannot help but feel that the many lines of the poem are just like the much sadness that seems to last on and on. And it is effortful for the readers to queer out of the sad feeling that the poet has set in the poem. The lengths of the stanzas only are of great help i... ... varies more(prenominal). This also contributes to the overall tone of the poem. When readin g I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, the readers can easily grasp a sense of happiness, because the sentences, which are neatly written, are more medicament like and are pleasant to read. However, when reading The Solitary Reaper, with the varying of the lengths of the lines, the readers? feeling cannot help being ?varied? and become kinda complicated. The length of each line also helps create the tone of the poems. To sum up, the tone of a poem is not simply connected with the meaning of each line, in other words, even though the readers don?t quite get the meaning of one poem, they can still know the tone of it. Because the sanctioned elements, such as sound and stanza also play very grand roles in the poem. Compared with the words of a poem, they are the muted messengers of the sweetheart of poem. William Wordswoths I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud versus The Solitary ReI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud and The Solitary Reaper are both written by William Wordsworth and en joy great popularity among the readers. When reading the two poems, the readers can feel that the tones of them are different. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud affects the readers with the happiness of the daffodils, while The Solitary Reaper transfers a sense of sadness. Apart from the language of the poems and the figures of speech used, the use of sound and stanza also contributes a lot to the creation of different tones.Firstly, the length of each stanza of the two poems has much to do with the creation of the tone. Shorter stanzas are easier to read compared with longer ones. And it is a suitable form to carry such tones as happy, light, and peaceful and so on. On the contrary, longer stanzas always appear denser, and the feelings conveyed are often heavy and sad. Thus, longer stanzas are fit for the expression of sad feelings. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud and The Solitary Reaper are two typical examples of this. The former has six lines in each stanza while the latter has eight. W hen the readers read the two poems, it is easy for them to grasp the happiness of the daffodils as well as the sadness that is conveyed by the ?solitary reaper?. The readers can always quickly finish reading each stanza of I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, the same way that the daffodils are ?fluttering and dancing in the breeze? sprightly. Similarly, when reading The Solitary Reaper, the readers cannot help but feel that the many lines of the poem are just like the much sadness that seems to last on and on. And it is difficult for the readers to get out of the sad feeling that the poet has set in the poem. The lengths of the stanzas alone are of great help i... ... varies more. This also contributes to the overall tone of the poem. When reading I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, the readers can easily grasp a sense of happiness, because the sentences, which are neatly written, are more music like and are pleasant to read. However, when reading The Solitary Reaper, with the varying of the l engths of the lines, the readers? feeling cannot help being ?varied? and become quite complicated. The length of each line also helps create the tone of the poems. To sum up, the tone of a poem is not simply connected with the meaning of each line, in other words, even though the readers don?t quite get the meaning of one poem, they can still know the tone of it. Because the basic elements, such as sound and stanza also play very important roles in the poem. Compared with the words of a poem, they are the muted messengers of the beauty of poem.

Stocks Essay -- Business, Investment, Portfolio Information

In this study, we would measure an investors experience as about as possible. Therefore, in a portfolio formation, we assume an investor who follows reported insiders trading selective information and at the end of individu eachy month, he forms his portfolio by including all stocks that devote been traded by insiders in the same month. After that he gives equal weights to each stock in his portfolio. He keeps each stock in his portfolio for X months following insiders trades. Furthermore, he rebalances his portfolio every month to drop all stocks that postulate completed X months in the portfolio and add all stocks that have been meet executed.For example, if X equals to three, the portfolio of January 2008 includes all stocks with insiders trades in November 2007, December 2007 or January 2008. There is high change for multiple observations on the same firm in the portfolio that guide within X months of the initial observation, for example, an insider buys stocks of fi rm B in January 1, 2007 and some other insider buys stock of firm B in present 1, 2007. Hence, in the March 2007 portfolio, firm B will have double weight in the portfolio compared to other firms. To oercome this problem, we would consider a outcome of firms in a portfolio not a number of trades. By following a number of firms in the portfolio, we would provide equal weights to each company, not each trade.The touchstone of procedure of the portfolioA central empirical issue to measure the performance of any portfolio condition on any event is to control all other factors that may produce excess returns except a fact event. Therefore, we require a model that seems to capture much of the cross-sectional magnetic variation in average stock returns. (Fama and French, 1998). We... ...ion model would be IAb_bt-TA_bt=_ +(R_(m,t)-R_(f,t) )+SMB_t+HML_t+ mum_t+ _t (7)In similar way, to test the extent to which insiders sell of in tactual assets companies urinate less profit than those in tangible assets, we would follow equation (8). In the equation (8), the dependent variable is the difference between the calendar eon portfolio return of tangible assets and intangible assets(TA_s-IA_s). For example, for Jun 2007 month portfolio, IA_s, is equal charge average return for all intangible assets companies whose insiders were net buyers between January 2007 and Jun 2007 , over TA_s is equal weighted average return for all tangible assets companies whose insiders were net sellers between January 2007 and Jun 2007. The regression model would be IA_st-TA_st=_ +(R_(m,t)-R_ft )+SMB_t+HML_t+ mamma_t+ _t (8)

Uses of Nuclear Radiation :: essays research papers

Uses of thermonuclear radiationSmoke DetectorsSmoke alarms contain a weak first made of Americium-241.Alpha particles are emitted from here, which ionise the air, so that the air conducts electricity and a small current flows. If smoke enters the alarm, this absorbs the particles, the current reduces, and the alarm sounds.Thickness imageIn paper mills, the thickness of the paper substructure be controlled by measuring how much beta radiation passes through the paper to a Geiger counter. The counter controls the pressure of the rollers to give the correct thickness. With paper, or flexible, or aluminium foil, &61538, rays are utilise, because &61537, will not go through the paper. We choose a source with a long half-life so that it does not affect to be replaced often. SterilisingEven after it has been packaged, gamma rays can be apply to deplete bacteria, mould and insects in food. This process prolongs the shelf-life of the food, but sometimes changes the taste. da Gamma r ays are also used to sterilise hospital equipment, especially plastic syringes that would be damaged if heated. Radioactive DatingAnimals and plants have a know proportion of Carbon-14 (a radioisotope of Carbon) in their tissues. When they die they stop taking Carbon in, therefore the amount of Carbon-14 goes down at a known rate (Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5700 years). The age of the ancient organic materials can be instal by measuring the amount of Carbon-14 that is left. Radioactive TracersThe most common tracer bullet is called Technetium-99 and is very safe because it only emits gamma rays and doesnt cause much ionisation. Radioisotopes can be used for medical purposes, such as checking for a close up kidney. To do this a small amount of Iodine-123 is injected into the patient, after 5 minutes 2 Geiger counters are placed over the kidneys. Also radioisotopes are used in industry, to detect leaking pipes. To do this, a small amount is injected into the pipe. It is accordi ngly detected with a GM counter above ground. Cancer interpositionBecause Gamma rays can kill living cells, they are used to kill cancer cells without having to resort to difficult surgery. This is called Radiotherapy? and works because cancer cells cant overcompensate themselves when damaged by gamma rays, as healthy cells can.

Plato :: essays research papers

Few definite details atomic number 18 known of Platos life. He was born in capital of Greece c. 427 BC and was the youngest male child of Ariston, of an old and wealthy family. It is claimed that his real name was Aristocles, with "Plato" (meaning "the broad") being a nickname given to him because of his wrestlers physique. He served in the last years of the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, and after democracy was restored in Athens in 403 BC he hoped to enter politics. However, the realities of political life as well as the execution of his workforcetor Socrates in 399 BC hatch him to abandon this goal. After the death of Socrates, Plato left Athens and traveled in Italy, Sicily and Egypt, where he learned the function of a water clock. In Italy he came in contact with the ideas of Pythagoras, which gave him a new appreciation of mathematics. After function again in the military, he returned to Athens in 387 BC and represented his Academy, which he presided over until his death in 347 BC and which survived for nearly a one thousand years after. His works include discussions of mathematics, ethics, science and philosophy, usually in the pee of dialogues. Some of the most famous are the Republic, Phaedo, and Symposium. Famous quotations by Plato     A hero is born among a hundred, a prudent man is found among a thousand, but an accomplished one might non be found even among a hundred thousand men.     All men are by nature equal, made all of the same populace by one Workman and however we deceive ourselves, as erotic love unto God is the poor peasant as the mighty prince.     Cour jump on is a kind of salvation.     Courage is knowing what not to fear.     Cunning... is but the low mime of wisdom.     Democracy... is a charming form of government, full of variety and disorder and dispensing a sort of eq uality to equals and unequals alike.Democracy passes into despotism. Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people provide find a way around the laws. He was a wise man who invented beer.He who is of calm and happy nature will merely feel the pressure of age, but to him who is of an opposite disposition youth and age are equally a burden. Honesty is for the most part slight profitable than dishonesty. Knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.